In this MS the authors propose a new way to study atmospheric NPF, in a more statistical sense. Starting from data collected in field observations, this method aims to create a probability distribution of particle formation (JC) and growth rates (GR) to obtain statistical information on the intensity of NPF. Instead of making the traditional classification of NPF, between event and non-event, and analysing only a sub-set of data, this method uses a continuous approach by analysing all available days. The analysis is performed on particle and ion number concentrations in the size range of particles (2.5-5 nm) or intermediate ions (2-7 nm). Although this is an innovative method that can quantify both local and regional NPF contributions to the total particle number concentrations in the atmosphere, it is very limited. It can only be used if the measurement site has adequate instrumentation to measure the sub-5 nm size range needed to apply the method.

Therefore, the proposed approach can represent a useful but complementary tool to the traditional NPF event analysis.

I think that this is an important work since NPF is a topic of current interest and the authors are well-informed and experienced about it. Furthermore, this work is well written, offering a clear exposition of the topic. Therefore, this manuscript has enough quality to be published in this journal.

I just have few suggestions to the authors:

Line 25: the first sentence of the abstract “Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF), together with secondary production”, seems to mean that the NPF is not from secondary origin.

Line 66: it is not clear “in terms of discrete”.

Line 112:  Please explain “sizes relevant to climate or air quality”.

In this manuscript, the authors elaborate on a novel approach to describe new particle formation (NPF) in the Earth’s atmosphere. This method complements traditional NPF analysis rather than replacing it. The use of a continuous approach, as opposed to event-based analysis, may serve as a powerful tool to quantify the contribution of NPF phenomena to atmospheric aerosol number concentrations and submicron mass, as well as to evaluate model simulations of NPF.

Therefore, it is strongly recommended that this article be published in AR. Please find below a few minor comments for your consideration:

Line 155: Not all readers may be familiar to the concept of “quiet NPF” and it is recommended to briefly describe the term.

Line 167: Is it meant that low variability is observed worldwide? If so, it is worth providing an indicative average value or clarify it.

Line 175: An appropriate reference is needed here.

Line 196: “to extend in size well below 10 nm”.

Line 211: A brief description of the ranking method will be useful.

Line 219: Provide a specific example to illustrate a typical chemical environment, such as the boreal environment. Identify the species that may be found at varying levels of volatility.

Line 224: An appropriate reference is needed here.

Line 305: This is too generic, name typical variables that have an impact on this connection.