Aerosol Research
Aerosol Research
Aerosol Research
Articles | Volume 3, issue 2
Articles | Volume 3, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-3-521-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-3-521-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 3, issue 2
Research article
 | 
18 Nov 2025
Research article |  | 18 Nov 2025

Condensation diffusion charging – particle number measurement of high concentrations down to 3 nm

Helmut Krasa, Victoria M. Fruhmann, Sebastian Schurl, Martin Kupper, and Alexander Bergmann

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Cited articles

Ahonen, L. R., Kangasluoma, J., Lammi, J., Lehtipalo, K., Hämeri, K., Petäjä, T., and Kulmala, M.: First measurements of the number size distribution of 1–2 nm aerosol particles released from manufacturing processes in a cleanroom environment, Aerosol Science and Technology, 51, 685–693, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2017.1292347, 2017. a
Asbach, C., Todea, A. M., and Kaminski, H.: Evaluation of a Partector Pro for atmospheric particle number size distribution and number concentration measurements at an urban background site, Aerosol Research, 2, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-2-1-2024, 2024. a
Balendra, S., Kale, A., Pongetti, J., Kazemimanesh, M., Haugen, M., Weller, L., and Boies, A.: Condensation particle counters: Exploring the limits of miniaturisation, Journal of Aerosol Science, 175, 106266, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAEROSCI.2023.106266, 2024. a
Biskos, G., Reavell, K., and Collings, N.: Unipolar diffusion charging of aerosol particles in the transition regime, Journal of Aerosol Science, 36, 247–265, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAEROSCI.2004.09.002, 2005. a
Brook, R. D., Rajagopalan, S., Pope, C. A., Brock, J. R., Bhatnagar, A., Diez-Roux, A. V., Holguin, F., Hong, Y., Luepker, R. V., Mittleman, M. A., Peters, A., Siscovick, D., Smith, S. C., Whitsel, L., and Kaufman, J. D.: Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease, Circulation, 121, 2331–2378, https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0B013E3181DBECE1, 2010. a
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This study presents a new method to measure ultrafine airborne particle concentrations down to 3 nm at high concentrations. By growing the particles into droplets, subsequently electrically charging them, and detecting the electrical signal, the system enables accurate and compact measurements of the particle number concentration. This approach is useful for onboard monitoring of vehicle emissions where space is limited and high concentrations are measured.
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