Articles | Volume 4, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-4-345-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-4-345-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
From seeding to detachment: leveraging deep learning to quantify the transport of tyre wear microplastics in a wind tunnel
Bashir Olasunkanmi Ayinde
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Micrometeorology Group, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
Wolfgang Babel
Micrometeorology Group, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
Bayreuth Centre for Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
Johannes Olesch
Micrometeorology Group, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
Bayreuth Centre for Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
Daniel Wagner
Department of Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
Seema Agarwal
Department of Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
Christian Laforsch
Chair of Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
Julian Brehm
Chair of Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
Anke Nölscher
Atmospheric Chemistry, Bayreuth Centre of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
now at: Institute of Climate and Energy Systems, ICE-3: Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
now at: Institute of Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Christoph Karl Thomas
Micrometeorology Group, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
Bayreuth Centre for Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Elisabeth Eckenberger, Andreas Mittereder, Nadine Gawlitta, Martin Sklorz, Dieter Brüggemann, Ralf Zimmermann, and Anke Christine Nölscher
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 4035–4047, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-4035-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-4035-2026, 2026
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Ozone in sampling air can alter the chemical composition of collected ultrafine particles, leading to an inaccurate air quality assessment. We addressed this by developing a ceramic device coated with sodium thiosulfate that eliminates ozone before it reaches the filter. Our results show this tool effectively preserves ozone-sensitive components, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, without particle losses. This contributes to more reliable data for air quality research.
Andrew W. Seidl, Aina Johannessen, Alena Dekhtyareva, Jannis M. Huss, Marius O. Jonassen, Alexander Schulz, Ove Hermansen, Christoph K. Thomas, and Harald Sodemann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 1969–1993, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-1969-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-1969-2026, 2026
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ISLAS2020 set out to measure the stable water isotopic composition of Arctic moisture. By not only measuring at different sites around Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, but also measuring at variable heights above surface level, we aim to characterize processes that produce or modify the isotopic composition. We also collect precipitation samples from sites that were typically downstream of Ny-Ålesund, so as to capture the isotopic composition during removal from the atmospheric water cycle.
Mohammad Abdoli, Reza Pirkhoshghiyafeh, and Christoph K. Thomas
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 6417–6433, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6417-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6417-2025, 2025
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We used computer simulations to improve how fiber-optic cables measure wind direction. These heated cables have small cones attached to sense how air moves around them. We found that hollow cone designs detect airflow more accurately than earlier versions. This helps us better understand air movement near the ground and could improve the physical foundations of weather and climate models.
Elisabeth Eckenberger, Andreas Mittereder, Nadine Gawlitta, Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis, Martin Sklorz, Dieter Brüggemann, Ralf Zimmermann, and Anke C. Nölscher
Aerosol Research, 3, 45–64, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-3-45-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-3-45-2025, 2025
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We assessed the performance of four cascade impactors for collecting and analyzing organic markers in airborne ultrafine particles (UFPs) under lab and field conditions. The cutoff was influenced by the impactor design and aerosol mixture. Two key factors caused variations in mass concentrations: the evaporation of semi-volatile compounds and the "bounce-off" of larger particles and fragments. Our findings reveal the challenges of analyzing organic marker mass concentrations in airborne UFPs.
Luiz A. T. Machado, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Santiago Botía, Hella van Asperen, Meinrat O. Andreae, Alessandro C. de Araújo, Paulo Artaxo, Achim Edtbauer, Rosaria R. Ferreira, Marco A. Franco, Hartwig Harder, Sam P. Jones, Cléo Q. Dias-Júnior, Guido G. Haytzmann, Carlos A. Quesada, Shujiro Komiya, Jost Lavric, Jos Lelieveld, Ingeborg Levin, Anke Nölscher, Eva Pfannerstill, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Akima Ringsdorf, Luciana Rizzo, Ana M. Yáñez-Serrano, Susan Trumbore, Wanda I. D. Valenti, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, David Walter, Jonathan Williams, Stefan Wolff, and Christopher Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8893–8910, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, 2024
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Composite analysis of gas concentration before and after rainfall, during the day and night, gives insight into the complex relationship between trace gas variability and precipitation. The analysis helps us to understand the sources and sinks of trace gases within a forest ecosystem. It elucidates processes that are not discernible under undisturbed conditions and contributes to a deeper understanding of the trace gas life cycle and its intricate interactions with cloud dynamics in the Amazon.
Finja Löher, Esther Borrás, Amalia Muñoz, and Anke Christine Nölscher
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4553–4579, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4553-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4553-2024, 2024
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We constructed and characterized a new indoor Teflon atmospheric simulation chamber. We evaluated wall losses, photolysis rates, and secondary reactions of multifunctional photooxidation products in the chamber. To measure these products on-line, we combined chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses to obtain both isomeric information and a high temporal resolution. For method validation, we studied the formation yields of the main ring-retaining products of toluene.
Eike Maximilian Esders, Christoph Georgi, Wolfgang Babel, Andreas Held, and Christoph Karl Thomas
Aerosol Research, 2, 235–243, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-2-235-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-2-235-2024, 2024
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Our study explores how tiny plastic particles, known as microplastics (MPs), move through the air. We focus on their journey in a wind tunnel to mimic atmospheric transport. Depending on the air speed and the height of their release, they move downwards or upwards. These results suggest that MPs behave like mineral particles and that we can expect MPs to accumulate where natural dust also accumulates in the environment, offering insights for predicting the spread and impacts of MPs.
Julius Seidler, Markus N. Friedrich, Christoph K. Thomas, and Anke C. Nölscher
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 137–153, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-137-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-137-2024, 2024
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Here, we study the transport of ultrafine particles (UFPs) from an airport to two new adjacent measuring sites for 1 year. The number of UFPs in the air and the diurnal variation are typical urban. Winds from the airport show increased number concentrations. Additionally, considering wind frequencies, we estimate that, from all UFPs measured at the two sites, 10 %–14 % originate from the airport and/or other UFP sources from between the airport and site.
Eike Maximilian Esders, Sebastian Sittl, Inka Krammel, Wolfgang Babel, Georg Papastavrou, and Christoph Karl Thomas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15835–15851, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15835-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15835-2023, 2023
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Do microplastics behave differently from mineral particles when they are exposed to wind? We observed plastic and mineral particles in a wind tunnel and measured at what wind speeds the particles start to move. The results indicate that microplastics start to move at smaller wind speeds as they weigh less and are less sticky. Hence, we think that microplastics also move more easily in the environment.
Mohammad Abdoli, Karl Lapo, Johann Schneider, Johannes Olesch, and Christoph K. Thomas
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 809–824, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-809-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-809-2023, 2023
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In this study, we compute the distributed sensible heat flux using a distributed temperature sensing technique, whose magnitude, sign, and temporal dynamics compare reasonably well to estimates from classical eddy covariance measurements from sonic anemometry. Despite the remaining uncertainty in computed fluxes, the results demonstrate the potential of the novel method to compute spatially resolving sensible heat flux measurement and encourage further research.
Nina Leiter, Maximilian Wohlschläger, Martin Versen, and Christian Laforsch
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 11, 129–136, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-11-129-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-11-129-2022, 2022
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In this contribution the frequency domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM) technique is evaluated for post-consumer wood sorting. The measured data were processed using algorithmic decision trees to identify the wood species and post-consumer wood category. The experimental results revealed the high potential of the FD-FLIM technique for automated post-consumer wood sorting.
Wolfgang Fischer, Christoph K. Thomas, Nikita Zimov, and Mathias Göckede
Biogeosciences, 19, 1611–1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1611-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1611-2022, 2022
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Arctic permafrost ecosystems may release large amounts of carbon under warmer future climates and may therefore accelerate global climate change. Our study investigated how long-term grazing by large animals influenced ecosystem characteristics and carbon budgets at a Siberian permafrost site. Our results demonstrate that such management can contribute to stabilizing ecosystems to keep carbon in the ground, particularly through drying soils and reducing methane emissions.
Karl Lapo, Anita Freundorfer, Antonia Fritz, Johann Schneider, Johannes Olesch, Wolfgang Babel, and Christoph K. Thomas
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 885–906, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-885-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-885-2022, 2022
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The layer of air near the surface is poorly understood during conditions with weak winds. Further, it is even difficult to observe. In this experiment we used distributed temperature sensing to observe air temperature and wind speed at thousands of points simultaneously every couple of seconds. This incredibly rich data set can be used to examine and understand what drives the mixing between the atmosphere and surface during these weak-wind periods.
Teresa Vogl, Amy Hrdina, and Christoph K. Thomas
Biogeosciences, 18, 5097–5115, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5097-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5097-2021, 2021
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The relaxed eddy accumulation technique is a method used for measuring fluxes of chemical species in the atmosphere. It relies on a proportionality factor, β, which can be determined using different methods. Also, different techniques for sampling can be used by only drawing air into the measurement system when vertical wind velocity exceeds a certain threshold. We compare different ways to obtain β and different threshold techniques to direct flux measurements for three different sites.
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Short summary
The dynamics of how tyre wear particles behave prior to their entrainment are still poorly understood. In wind tunnel experiments, the particle detachment from an idealized glass substrate was monitored. For particle sizes above 80 μm, smaller and more rounded particles were mobilized by wind shear first, whereas larger and more angular particles require stronger wind shear, highlighting strong surface adhesion and particle morphology as the major factors influencing microplastic detachment.
The dynamics of how tyre wear particles behave prior to their entrainment are still poorly...
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