Articles | Volume 4, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-4-501-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-4-501-2026
Research article
 | 
22 Oct 2026
Research article |  | 22 Oct 2026

Stability and composition of large sulfuric acid–methanesulfonic acid–base molecular clusters

Galib Hasan, Yosef Knattrup, Haide Wu, and Jonas Elm

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Short summary
New atmospheric particles affect air quality and climate, but the molecular processes behind their formation remain poorly understood. We used computer simulations to investigate how two common atmospheric acids interact with ammonia and amines during the earliest stages of particle formation. We found that sulfuric acid plays the dominant role in forming the smallest particles, while methanesulfonic acid contributes mainly during later growth, helping to clarify their roles in the atmosphere.
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