New particle formation (NPF) is a process of forming new aerosol particles in the atmosphere. It was widely studied in boreal forest areas in Finland and Estonia, but its features and precursors in a Siberian boreal forest remained unclear. We did a comprehensive analysis using data from state-of-the-art instruments and implement both traditional and new methods of data analysis. Understanding these processes helps us grasp how Siberia’s atmosphere evolves and contributes to global climate dynamics.

This study examines how sampling frequency influences the accuracy of low-cost particulate matter (PM) sensors. It finds that high sampling rates (15 s) are vital for detecting short pollution spikes like vehicle emissions, while lower rates (1 h) are enough for tracking long-term trends. Conducted in real-world outdoor conditions, the research offers practical guidance to balance energy use and data accuracy, supporting scalable, cost-effective air quality monitoring solutions.